Verb phrases

Last updated: Dec. 9, 2025

Kovol verb phrases can have negation, definitive mode or manner margins.

+/- negation +/- definitive mode +/- manner + verb English
. . heyg salibe "get up immediately!"
mu . . iligom "I didn't go"
. ege . anggom "I have spoken"
mu ege . obug "We will not get"
. . nosong ndugule "tie it tightly"
. ege . yanim "I will go"
mu . . amot "He did not speak"
Kovol verb phrases

Negation

The mu word negates the verb and with it the whole clause.

Definitive mode

The ege word is for the definitive mode, communicating that something will or certainly did happen.


ege aminim "I will speak"
ege anggom "I did speak"

When used in the present or past tense, it seems to give prominence.
It is almost always used with the future tense, and so does not seem to be used for prominence in the future tense.

Manner

Adjectives or adverbs can be put before a verb to describe the action. Below are some examples:

  • hologul "strong"
  • egende "carefully"
  • nosong "tightly"
  • hogog "asleep"
  • heyg "quickly"
  • ebigis "nearly"
  • agabi "big"