Concession-contra expectation

Last updated: Dec. 12, 2025

Definition

Resembles the Grounds-conclusion relation in that one proposition is deduced from

another.

It has an element of unexpectedness. There is 1. a cause, 2. an expected effect and 3. an unexpected result. Not all of these parts need to be explicit.

It is communicated in English with although, even if, in spite of and even though.

English examples

  • John washed the car, but it's still dirty.
  • Although the children ate a lot, they weren't full.
  • I waited a long time, but no one came.
  • Even if I get up early, I'll have to hurry.
  • In spite of what the man said, they didn't stay.

Kovol examples

  • Sibelig me me nom tobot, omo nogul hum bili yogonong igita
    "Machete things (threats) came, but truth was with us..."
  • Ab om ogotolob ilinim eb, omo Samuel ong ogoo heleb
    "I wanted to leave and go up, but Samuel was there..."
  • “Nog yat, omo om ege libot”
    “He went with (her), but he came up here”

Kovol description

A statement for the concession/cause is linked to another statement for the contra-expectation/unexpected result with omo. The expected effect is implicit.

Degree of certainty

High

This is a common pattern seen in DA that we are comfortable using in our own speech.